http://www.studyspanish.com/accents/typing.htm

joseph

Jose Ramon,

 

Cuando leo tus correos siento que escribes con tanta pasion y mucha sabiduria. Es un honor para el grupo que seas uno de los integrantes. Agregas algo muy rico a la mezcla de Ranchos. Yo tambien busco con anhelo mis raices mestizas, castas o indigenas y creo que
mantengo una mente abierta para poder ver lo que se presente por enfrente.

 

Jose Ramon,

 

When I read your postings I feel that you write with much passion and knowledge. It's an honor for this group to have you as a member. You add much to the knowledgeable mix of Ranchos

[I made a mistake and misread what Linda said so the error corrected
starts after the double lines]

Linda R Romero wrote:

Ed, Joseph: I'm afraid I haven't figured out my haplogroup. I do
not have my fathers Y-DNA, that's why I need my brother's
cooperation. He and I have the same parents. I only have my mtDNA and
my mother is not Spanish. I also have 3 half brothers, but since
their mother's are not the same as mine, I haven't bothered to ask
them. My father's sister is dead so I have no mtDNA on my father's
side. A total shame.

[NOTE: I wrote this and then carefully re-read the message. . .i see
where Linda said her fathers sister didn't have any natural children. So
disregard the application of the following. I still left it in because I
can still make another point on finding her Mt-DNA, but now it will be
much more of a challenge]

anyone please jump in and correct me if I'm wrong.

through the male you can test for Y-DNA and it is passed on to his male

Maria,

Your first thought is correct.  You and your brother share the same
mitochondrial DNA so there's no need for you to take the same test.  

If you were testing autosomal DNA then your results and your brother's
could be slightly different, but the usefulness and accuracy of such
tests is very limited for our genealogical purposes and it is not
recommended.

With your brother's Y-DNA and mt-DNA tests you will know your paternal
Y-chromosome lineage and your maternal mitochondrial lineage.  The
next logical step if you wanted to research your genetic origins any
further would to be to test either a maternal uncle's Y-DNA or a
paternal aunt's mt-DNA, or both.  

We have to remember that genetic lines (Y-DNA & mt-DNA) branch out and
multiply exactly like a genealogical tree.  We start with two parents
and then four grandparents and then eight great-grandparents.  

When we discover one of our genetic lines there is one ancestor at
each generational step that has the same genetic

Victor,

Thanks for the wonderful explanation on DNA. It didn't come across as patronizing at all.

I have a question about something you stated for you or anyone else who may know the answer:  "Since we're not clones, half of those 46 chromosomes come from each of  our progenitors. 23 from the father and 23 from the mother to make 23 pairs..."

My brother is taking both the yDNA and the mtDNA tests.  I was thinking that since we come from the same set of parents there would be no benefit to having my DNA analyzed, but after reading the above I am thinking otherwise.  Perhaps it would be more valuable to have a great uncle or aunt from both sides of the family (since all my grandparents are dead) have their DNA analyzed. 

Maria

--- In ranchos@yahoogroups.com, "v.h.villarreal" wrote:
>
> Josie,
>
> At the risk of oversimplifying this whole thing, I'm posting a few
> essential concepts about DNA. Please excuse me if I sound patronizing.
>
> We all have heard that DNA is the

Thank you Emily, Joseph, Arturo, Leticia, Angie, Mary, Irma, for all
the help you sent. Some of the information I knew but some was new
to me and much appreciated. I need all the help I can get.

I have just spent 3 hours copying the emails from the group to my
word file -- while trying not to include all the repeated information
at the bottom of the emails. I can then read them while on the road
to AZ. All the information in these emails is great and I don't want
to lose it.

Ed, Joseph: I'm afraid I haven't figured out my haplogroup. I do
not have my fathers Y-DNA, that's why I need my brother's
cooperation. He and I have the same parents. I only have my mtDNA and
my mother is not Spanish. I also have 3 half brothers, but since
their mother's are not the same as mine, I haven't bothered to ask
them. My father's sister is dead so I have no mtDNA on my father's
side. A total shame. All my cousins are from his brother, Rosendo.
His sister adopted

Josie,

That's a keen observation and a good question about the number of differences in our mtDNA in relation to the CRS reference.

Let's start by saying that the CRS (Cambridge Reference Sequence) is just an arbitrary reference selected by some team of geneticist that were among the first to study the genetic sequences of mitochondrial DNA.  They decided to use the sequence of one of their subjects as a comparison reference, maybe one of their own samples, who knows?.  The selected mtDNA belongs to haplogroup H, the most prevalent haplogroup in Europe.  Therefore many European persons who get tested have few differences if any with the CRS reference.

Next, what the commercial tests show us about our mtDNA is not the whole sequence of mtDNA but just one or two regions:  HVR1 and HVR2 (Hyper Variable Regions).  Supposedly these two regions don't have any medical implications so having a fewer more or a fewer less mutations is not very significant.  But that is not always the case in the